◆ Reporter Zou Zuming
2024 is the 20th anniversary of the “Stockholm Convention”.Over the past 20 years, my country has accelerated and reduced the production, use and discharge of persistent organic pollutants (POPS), and made positive progress.Recently, a reporter from China Environmental Daily interviewed Wang Jinnan, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering “for the treatment of new pollutants built for beautiful China.”
Reporter: At present, what kind of situation is the global and my country’s new pollutant governance?
Wang Jinnan: New pollutants mainly come from the production and use of chemicals.In developed countries and regions such as the United States, Japan, Europe, and other developed countries and regions, the special laws and regulations of chemical material environmental management were promulgated as early as the 1960s and 1970s.The right to speak of new pollutants.
my country is the world’s largest production product and consumer country. According to the “Global Chemical Outlook II”, my country’s chemical sales account for about 40%of the world’s global, and it is expected to reach 50%in 2030.The Ministry of Ecology and Environment has surveyed more than 10,000 species of high -yield toxic chemicals with durable, biological cumulative, carcinogenic, mutating, and reproductive toxic chemicals with more than 600 toxic chemicals.These toxic and harmful chemicals may enter the environment in production, use and other links, endangering the ecological environment and human health.
my country’s new pollutants have a wide range of sources, involving many industries, long industrial chain, and difficult governance technology research and development, and high collaborative governance requirements.In general, the management of new pollutants in my country is still in its infancy, and there are still many shortcomings: First, inadequate understanding of the treatment of new pollutants, do not understand the specific work process of the entire process of risk management of new pollutants, and to new pollution to new pollution The long -term, complexity, and arduousness of material governance are insufficient awareness; the second is insufficient scientific and technological support reserves, which are mainly manifested in basic research on the screening of new pollutants, toxicity and action mechanism, pollution traceability, environmental risk assessment, green alternatives and other aspects Insufficient, new pollutant management related technologies and equipment research and development lag, and the centralized research and research mechanism of key core technologies has not yet been established; the third is that the governance system is not complete, which is mainly reflected in the lack of laws and regulations, the inadequate standard system, and the incomplete work mechanism. The fourth is that the foundation of governance is weak, the bottom of the chemical material environment is unclear, the key management path is unclear, the resource allocation is seriously lagging, and there is still a large gap in management institutions, personnel allocation and capital investment.
Reporter: What strategies did my country take for new pollutants?What progress has been made?
Wang Jinnan: In 2022, the General Office of the State Council issued the “New Pollutant Governance Action Plan” (hereinafter referred to as the “Action Plan”).The environmental risk prevention and control thinking of the main line proposes the entire process governance measures to cover the source, process, and end links, and make specific arrangements in the aspects of the foundation, construction system, and risk prevention.Governance indicates the direction.
After the “Action Plan” was issued, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, together with relevant departments, comprehensively promoted the implementation of the implementation of new pollutants governance tasks, mainly in the following 4 aspects:
The first is to accelerate the construction of regulations and systems.Relevant requirements for the treatment of new pollutants are included in the Yellow River Protection Law.The implementation of the implementation of the “Registration of New Chemical Material Environmental Management Registration Measures” and other regulations.The regulations on the management of chemicals and environmental risk have been included in the “State Council’s 2024 Legislative Work Plan”, and actively promoted the integration of new pollutants to be included in the ecological and environmental code.
The second is to establish a sound work promotion mechanism.Establish an inter -ministerial coordination group led by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment and composed of 15 departments to strengthen departmental linkage and coordinate the promotion of new pollutant governance work to achieve practical results.The work mechanism of national overall planning, provincial general responsibilities, and city and counties have been initially formed.At the same time, a new pollutant governance expert committee was established.
The third is to organize the national investigation.Investigate the production and usage of more than 4,000 potential high -risk chemicals in 122 key industries; carry out monitoring pilots, and initially understand the content of potential new pollutants in key regional environments.The first batch of chemical substance environmental risk priority assessment plans are issued, and the environmental risk assessment of new pollutants is continuously promoted.
The fourth is to prevent and control environmental risks.Printing and issuing the “List of New Pollutants (2023 Edition)”, and implementing environmental risk control measures such as prohibited, restrictions, and restrictions on 14 types of key management and control of new types of key management and control to avoid nearly 100,000 tons of key management and control of new pollutants entering the environment each year.Comprehensively eliminate the production, use and import and export of eight types of key management and control of new pollutants.
Reporter: What key technical difficulties are there in the prevention and control of environmental risks of new pollutants?How to pay close attention to key core technologies in the next step?
Wang Jinnan: At present, my country’s research foundation in the field of new pollutants is weak, and it restricts the in -depth and efficient development of new pollutants.Specifically, it is mainly reflected in the following aspects: First, the basic research of new pollutants hazardous screening, monitoring traceability, environmental risk assessment, green alternative and control standards is weak.It was discovered, but the relevant health risks and toxic machines were not clear.The second is the lagging research and development of related technologies and equipment. The environmental risk assessment of new pollutants has long relying on foreign toxic database and evaluation models. The degree of localization of the parameters is low, and the evaluation results are increasing.The third is the lag of green replacement of research and development. Some new pollutants that have been eliminated internationally have no economy and feasible and independent intellectual property replacement technology in my country.In addition, some scientific research results have failed to actively target national needs and echo the needs of enterprises.
At the National Ecological Environmental Protection Conference held in July 2023, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leaders emphasized that the treatment of new pollutants was used as a key area of national basic research and scientific and technological innovation, and key core technology research was paid to the key core technology.It is recommended to set up the basic research and technological innovation of new pollutants as soon as possible with strategic goals and management needs, and to coordinate scientific research resources to concentrate on the key core technologies of new pollutants: screening, evaluation and monitoring of new pollutants in the screening of new pollutantsIn the field of technology, we will carry out the establishment of new pollutant screening, monitoring, hazard effect identification and evaluation technology research on the goal of establishing new pollutant screening and monitoring methods and technical systems;The risk assessment system, gradually establish a key area and the typical new pollutant environmental quality and emission control limit based on risk assessment, build cross -regional and cross -sectoral new pollution governance coordination working mechanisms and management systems, develop new pollutant governanceSocial and economic impact assessment method; in the field of green alternative and governance technology research and development, strengthen environmental friendly alternatives and alternative technology research and development and application, and develop new pollutant treatment technology and equipment, new pollutants pollutant pollution venues in key industries in key industriesRepairing technology and multi -media coordinated governance technology for new pollutants and conventional pollutants.
Reporter: What are the necessity of studying and formulating new and long -term planning for new pollutants in my country?What key contents do you lay out?
Wang Jinnan: The study and formulation of new and long -term planning for new pollutants is mainly based on three aspects of consideration.
First, study and formulating the central and long -term planning of new pollutants is a concrete manifestation of the implementation of the Party Central Committee and the State Council on the decision -making and deployment of new pollutants.According to the strategic goal of “the environmental risk of the new pollutant’s environmental risk by 2035” proposed by the “Opinions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council of the State Council of the Communist Party of China on the Construction of Beautiful China”, it needs to be based on domestic, benchmarking internationally, and long -term in the market.As a systematic project, the overall layout and system planning new pollutant management medium and long -term strategic planning, guided by strategic goals and management needs, continuously promoting the governance of new pollutants, continuously improving the governance system, and accelerating the improvement of governance capabilities.
Second, study and formulating new and long -term planning for new pollutants is an inevitable requirement for continuous and in -depth pollution prevention.At present and in the future, it will be the critical period when the quality improvement of the ecological environment has improved from quantity to qualitative changes in my country. Facing the fundamental improvement of the ecological environment in 2035, and the basic goal of beautiful China, in order to meet the people’s expectations for high -quality life, it is necessary to maintain strategy to determine strategy. Power and adhere to the concept of systems, continue to fight the blue sky, blue water, and pure land of the pure land with higher standards, coordinate the “conventional” and “new” pollutants, and systematically solve the ecological ecology of “visible” and “invisible”. Environmental issues, promote the establishment of an ecological environment governance system that is guided by human health and ecological security and adapted to the goal of beautiful China.
Third, study and formulation of new and long -term planning for new pollutants is an important measure to promote the realization of green and high -quality development.Green sustainable chemistry, which is characterized by low toxicity, low emissions, low -carbon, resource conservation, is becoming the future development trend of international chemical related industries.At present, my country’s chemical industry and its downstream industrial chain parts have problems such as overcapacity and green trade barriers. The international performance also faces the pressure of POPS elimination or control. , Optimize the role, promote the adjustment of chemical and related industrial structure and layout, enhance industry innovation vitality and international competitiveness, create new productive forces, and accelerate the overall green transformation of economic and society.
The formulation of new and long -term planning in the formulation of new pollutants should focus on three aspects: First, the deployment and implementation of the “Action Plan” is connected, and at the same time, the new requirements for new deployments such as the beautiful Chinese construction, the harmonious symbiosis of people and the nature of human and nature,The overall ideas of the system and scientific planning medium and long -term new pollutants, and build a new pattern of government -led, departmental coordination, corporate innovation, and social co -governance., Clarify the new pollutant governance target indicators, control paths, and management models, and systematically planned from the aspects of institutional system, capacity building, scientific and technological support; and third, focus on investigation, monitoring, source forbidden limit, process emission reduction, end governance, etc., plan the layout and layoutA group of major governance projects.
Reporter: my country is in an important period for the construction of beautiful China. In the next few years, how to comprehensively strengthen the effective governance of new pollutants?
Wang Jinnan: First, strengthen ideological understanding.In -depth study and implementation of the Supreme Leader’s Ecological Civilization Thought and the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader on the governance of the new pollutants, and deeply understand that the treatment of new pollutants is the deserved meaning of high -quality ecological environment to support high -quality development.The inevitable requirements and important contents of pollution prevention and control, comprehensively building a beautiful China, resolutely carrying the political responsibility of the construction of beautiful China, and fully ensuring that the Party Central Committee and the State Council have achieved practical results in the decision -making and deployment of the governance of new pollutants.
The second is to strengthen planning leadership.Anchoring the governance goals of “environmental risks of new pollutants have been effectively controlled” in 2035, with the implementation of the environmental risk management and control of the whole life cycle of new pollutants, adhere to the “three overall planning”, that is, coordinate high -level protection and high -quality development, coordinate planningRoutine pollution prevention and environmental risk control and control of new pollutants, coordinate international development trends and domestic management and control requirements, and systematically plan new and long -term planning for new pollutants.
The third is to strengthen scientific and technological support.Guide to solve the problem of realistic ecological and environmental problems, the urgent needs of benchmark management practice, echo the needs of common technical technologies in governance, and fully consider the new pollution objects to coordinate the governance of the new pollution objects.Innovate major special projects, coordinate scientific research resources, and focus on key core technologies such as screening and monitoring of new pollutants, environmental risk assessment, collaborative governance, and green alternative.
The fourth is to increase resource allocation.With strong support for normalized governance and effective management and control of environmental risks, accelerate the construction of new pollutants governance and regulations, promote the establishment of special funds for the establishment of new pollutants, and solve a group of major projects such as green alternatives, process emission reduction and environmental governance.The prominent environmental risk issues have strengthened the environmental risk assessment and management capacity building of new pollutants in the country and regional watersheds, and enhanced the guarantee capabilities of professional and technical institutions in the aspects of new pollutants ecological toxicology testing, environmental monitoring, environmental risk assessment and control.
Source: China Environment Daily
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